Sun Shiyi (孙士毅 Sūn Shìyì, Vietnamese: Tôn Sĩ Nghị; 1720 – 1796), courtesy name
Zhizhi (智冶), pseudonym
Bushan (补山), was an official of the
Qing dynasty who served as the
Viceroy of Liangguang and
of Liangjiang during the reign of the
Qianlong Emperor.
A native of Renhe (present-day Yuhang District, Zhejiang), as a youth, Sun was devoted to study and was said to have prevented drowsiness by knocking his head against a wall. Awarded a jinshi degree in the imperial examination in 1761, he was secretary to Fuheng during his Burmese expedition, and in 1770 had risen to be Treasurer of Guangxi, when he was cashiered for want of energy, and orders were given to confiscate his property. Struck with the fact that nothing was found to confiscate, the Qianlong Emperor re-employed him.
In 1788, as Viceroy of Liangguang, he invaded Annam and reinstalled the emperor Lê Chiêu Thống, who had fled in fear of the rebel Nguyễn Huệ. His forces were beaten by the Tây Sơn armies, and it was ultimately decided to leave Annam alone. He was sent to Sichuan to see the supplies of the army fighting in Tibet, into which country he advanced over terrible mountains as far as Chamdo. In 1792, on the conclusion of the war with Nepal, the suppression of the White Lotus Rebellion occupied his last days. His physical powers were marvellous, and he required hardly any sleep. He was a great collector of ancient inscriptions. He was ennobled as Duke Mouyong of the First Class (一等谋勇公).
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孙士毅（1720年 - 1796年），字
智冶，号
补山，浙江仁和县（今属馀杭区）临平镇人，
清朝政治人物，官至文华殿大学士。
Read more...: 生平 著作 身后 注释
生平
乾隆二十六年（1761年）中进士，次年授内阁中书，特授翰林院侍读。三十三年（1768年），任戊子科四川正主考。次年春，随大学士傅恒督师征伐缅甸，专典章奏。敍军功授户部广西司郎中。旋任庚寅乡试湖南正主考，升大理寺卿，出为广西布政使，调云南。未几升为巡抚，因总督李侍尧贪渎革职，以失察遣戍伊犁，簿录其家，不名一钱。乾隆帝嘉其廉，改授翰林院编修，纂编《四库全书》。编成后，升太常寺少卿。复出为山东布政使、广西巡抚、广东巡抚，奉旨接替舒常代理担任两广总督兼管粤海关务。五十一年（1786年），台湾天地会林爽文起事，赴潮州戒备镇压。次年，晋太子太保。
五十三年（1788年），安南西山军的阮惠推翻后黎朝，夺取皇位。国王黎维祁叩关求救。孙士毅率师布防镇南关，向乾隆帝奏报其事。乾隆帝表彰孙士毅识轻重、知大体，令其与云南总督乌大经兵分两路攻打安南，送黎维祁归国复位。孙士毅所率之两广兵势如劈竹，攻破升龙（今越南河内市），比乌大经的云南兵更为迅速。乾隆帝大喜，封为一等谋勇公，赐红宝石顶，但为孙士毅推辞。乾隆帝册封黎维祁为安南国王之后，命孙士毅其班师，但孙士毅却贪图军功逗留安南。次年正月，阮惠趁春节之机突袭升龙，黎维祁逃入镇南关，清军大败，仓猝退入关内。乾隆帝以孙士毅不遵诏班师，罢封爵，并撤红宝石顶、双眼花翎，解除总督职，命驻镇南关治事。不久召还京师，授兵部尚书，充军机大臣。是年冬，命署四川总督，旋代两江总督。时徐州黄河决口，筑毛城铺坝堰，救援灾民，俱称旨意。五十六年（1791年），召授吏部尚书，协办大学士。同年，清廷与廓尔喀发生战争，命助四川总督筹饷，馈运无缺，以功复赐双眼花翎，授文渊阁大学士兼礼部尚书，暂代四川总督。六十年春，湖南苗人起事，攻入四川秀山境内，四川总督孙士毅同成都将军观成率兵镇压。嘉庆元年（1796年），湖北白莲教教徒起事，侵入四川酉阳境内，孙士毅率兵镇压，屡次获胜，封三等男爵。六月，卒于军中，追赠公爵爵位，諡文靖。其孙孙均袭其伯爵之位。
著作
孙士毅工诗，有《百一山房集》诗赋十二卷存世。
身后
孙士毅与和珅关系友善，病笃之时请求加入旗籍。乾隆帝特许之，将孙均抬入汉军正白旗。原计划授予散秩大臣之职，但由于孙均年幼便取消了这个决定。嘉庆十一年（1806年），孙均奏称因疾病残废，请求嘉庆帝将世袭伯爵之位传给堂弟孙玉墀。嘉庆帝下谕：「孙士毅攻克黎城（即升龙城），皇考（乾隆帝）令其班师归国；但他意在贪功，延迟归期，导致兵败逃入镇南关内，其所奏之中多有虚假掩饰之辞。朕考虑到皇考的遗愿，未予以追究求责。现在孙均既然得病残废，孙士毅原先所授予的伯爵之位应当裁撤，并令孙均出旗归原籍。」
注释
The text above has been excerpted automatically from Wikipedia - please correct any errors in the
original article.
