| Radical: | 攴+ 5 strokes = 9 strokes total. |
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| References: | Guangyun: p.368#29 Kangxi: p.469#25 Cihai: p.601r5c01 GSR: 49.i Hanyu: v2,p1453#05 |
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| Composition: | Left: 古, right: 攵. Component of: 做 𢰴 𡟁 𫮆 |
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| Mandarin: | gù gǔ ㄍㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ |
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| Cantonese: | gu3 |
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| Tang reconstruction: | *gò |
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| Shuowen: | 《》故：使为之也。从攴古声。 |
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| Guangyun: | 《···》故：旧也，事也，常也，又姓出姓苑。 |
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| Kangxi: | 《··》故：《》《集韵》《韵会》《正韵》𠀤古暮切，音顾。《》使爲之也。《注》徐锴曰：故使之也。又《》事也。《易·系辞》是故知幽明之故。《疏》故，谓事也。又《》旧也。《·》革，去故也。鼎，取新也。《周礼·天官·大宰》以八统诏王驭万民，二曰敬故。《注》不慢旧也。又《·》𠛬故无小。《传》故犯虽小，必𠛬。又《礼·曲礼·疏》故者，承上起下之语。又《礼·檀弓》非有大故，不宿于外。《注》大故，谓丧忧。又《·》鲁故二十五卷。《注》师古曰：故者，通其指义也。今流俗毛诗，攺故训传爲诂字，失眞。又《前汉·苏武传》前以降及物故，凡随武还者九人。《注》师古曰：物故，谓死也。言其同于鬼物而故也。又《·》不隆本行，不敬旧法，而好诈故。《注》故，巧也。又《韵补》叶攻乎切，辜也。《贾谊·吊屈原文》般纷纷其离此尤兮，亦夫子之故也。历九州而相其君兮，何必怀此都也。○按《》故作辜。又叶果五切。《东方朔·客难》悉力慕之，困于衣食，或失门戸，使苏秦，张仪与仆𠀤生于今之世，曾不得掌故。《》从攴作故。 |
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| Fanqie: | 古暮 (《···》) |
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| Unihan definition: | ancient, old; reason, because |
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| 故 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (1): 缘故，原因。 Cause.
| 《·》: | 故，所得而后成也。 | | The gu (reason/cause) of something is what it must get before it will come about. | | 《·》: | 梁惠王以土地之故，糜烂其民而战之，大败，将复之，恐不能胜，故驱其所爱子弟以殉之，是之谓以其所不爱及其所爱也。 | | 'The king Hui of Liang, for the matter of territory, tore and destroyed his people, leading them to battle. Sustaining a great defeat, he would engage again, and afraid lest they should not be able to secure the victory, urged his son whom he loved till he sacrificed him with them. This is what I call "beginning with what they do not care for, and proceeding to what they care for."' | | 《·》: | 其故何也？ | | How is it so? | | 《·》: | 君无故不杀牛，大夫无故不杀羊，士无故不杀犬、豕。 | | Without some cause for it, a ruler did not kill an ox, nor a Great officer a sheep, nor a lower officer a pig or a dog. | | 《·》: | 此其故何也？ | | 《》: | 陈涉无千乘之尊，尺土之地，身非王公大人名族之后，无乡曲之誉，非有孔、墨、曾子之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富也，然起穷巷，奋棘矜，偏袒大呼而天下从风，此其故何也？ |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (2.1): 事。 State of affairs.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (2.2): 变故，事故。 Event, incident.
| 《·》: | 父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。 | | That his father and mother are both alive, and that the condition of his brothers affords no cause for anxiety; this is one delight. | | 《·》: | 桓公为司徒，甚得周众与东土之人，问于史伯曰：“王室多故，余惧及焉，其何所可以逃死？” |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (3): 计谋，巧僞。 Plot.
| 《·》: | 不如曰不信以疏之，亦固太子以携之，多为之故，以变其志，志少疏，乃可也。 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (4.1): 旧，与“新”相对。 Old.
| 《·》: | 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” | | The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others." | | 《·》: | 温故而知新，敦厚以崇礼。 | | He cherishes his old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety. | | 《·》: | 夫古今异俗，新故异备，如欲以宽缓之政、治急世之民，犹无辔策而御駻马，此不知之患也 | | 《·》: | 地墽民险，而介于大国之间，晋国之故礼未灭，韩国之新法重出，先君之令未收，后君之令又下，新故相反，前后相缪，百官背乱，不知所用。 | | 《·》: | 二千石系者新故相因，不减百馀人。 | | 《·》: | 礼者，继天地，体阴阳，而慎主客，序尊卑、贵贱、大小之位，而差外内、远近、新故之级者也，以德多为象。 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (4.2): 从前，原来的。 Past, original.
| 《·》: | 张武等议曰：“汉大臣皆故高帝时大将，习兵，多谋诈，此其属意非止此也，特畏高帝、吕太后威耳。” |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (5): 死亡。 Death.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (6): 故意 On purpose.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (7): 固、本来。 Originally.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (8): 连词：所以，因此。 Hence, thus.
| 《·》: | 故中效，则是也。 | | Thus what matches the imitation is so. | | 《·》: | 牢曰：“子云，‘吾不试，故艺’” | | Lao said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired many arts.'" | | 《·》: | 古之人与民偕乐，故能乐也。 | | The ancients caused the people to have pleasure as well as themselves, and therefore they could enjoy it. | | 《·》: | 故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君而徵一国者，其自视也亦若此矣。 | | Thus it is that men, whose wisdom is sufficient for the duties of some one office, or whose conduct will secure harmony in some one district, or whose virtue is befitting a ruler so that they could efficiently govern some one state, are sure to look on themselves in this manner (like the quail). | | 《·》: | 有土德之瑞，故号黄帝。 | | There was an auspicious omen of the earth's energy, and he was therefore called 'Yellow god.' | | 《·》: | 故曰：礼者不可不学也。 | | Hence there is the saying, 'The rules of propriety should by no means be left unlearned.' |
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