Chinese Text Project |
壞 U+58DE | Seal script | 坏 Simplified character | 壊 Alternate form | 𡎯 Semantic variant |
Radical: | 土+ 16 strokes = 19 strokes total. |
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References: | Guangyun: p.384#40 p.386#2 Kangxi: p.242#03 Cihai: p.332r5c04 GSR: 600.d Hanyu: v1,p0500#02 |
Composition: | Left: 土, right: 褱. Component of: 蘾 |
Mandarin: | huài ㄏㄨㄞˋ |
Cantonese: | waai6 |
Tang reconstruction: | huæ̀i |
Shuowen: | 《土部》壞:敗也。从土褱聲。 |
Guangyun: | 《廣韻·去聲·怪·怪》𣀤:毀也。 《廣韻·去聲·怪·怪》壞:上同。又胡怪切。 《廣韻·去聲·怪·壞》壞:自破也。胡怪切,三。 |
Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·土部·十六》壞:〔古文〕𡎯《廣韻》《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤古壞切,音怪。毀也。又胡怪切,若𩟮。自毀也。《毛氏韻增》凡物不自敗而毀之則古壞切,如魯恭王壞孔子宅之類是也。物自敗則胡怪切,如春秋傳魯城門壞之類是也。又《集韻》乎乖切,音懷。壞隤,山名。又胡罪切,音瘣。《詩·小雅》譬彼壞木,疾用無枝。又叶胡對切,音潰。《詩·大雅》無俾城壞,無獨斯畏。又叶戸恢切,音回。《家語》孔子歌曰:泰山其頹乎,梁木其壞乎。與下萎叶。萎,音哀。 |
Fanqie: | 古壞 (《廣韻·去聲·怪·怪》) 胡怪 (《廣韻·去聲·怪·怪》) 胡怪 (《廣韻·去聲·怪·壞》) |
Equivalent readings: | 怪 (《四書章句集注·孟子集注·滕文公章句下》) |
Unihan definition: | bad, spoil(ed), ruin, destroy |
Example usage
《論語·陽貨》: | 君子三年不為禮,禮必壞。 |
If the superior man abstains for three years from the observances of propriety, those observances will be quite lost. | |
《孟子·滕文公下》: | 暴君代作,壞宮室以為汙池,民無所安息。 |
Oppressive sovereigns arose one after another, who pulled down houses to make ponds and lakes, so that the people knew not where they could rest in quiet. | |
《禮記·問喪》: | 婦人不宜袒,故發胸擊心爵踴,殷殷田田,如壞墻然,悲哀痛疾之至也。 |
The women could not bare their arms, and therefore they (merely) pushed out the breast, and smote upon their hearts, moving their feet with a sliding, hopping motion, and with a constant, heavy sound, like the crumbling away of a wall. The expression of grief, sorrow, and deep-seated pain was extreme. | |
《揚子法言》: | 剛則甈,柔則壞。 |
If you fire things too hard, they break. If too soft, they are unfinished. | |
《墨子·非攻中》: | 今嘗計軍上,竹箭羽旄幄幕,甲盾撥劫,往而靡壞腑爛不反者,不可勝數。 |
And, when the army sets out, the bamboo arrows, the feather flags, the house tents, the armour, the shields, the sword hilts -- innumerable quantities of these will break and rot and never come back. | |
《莊子·讓王》: | 樂與政為政,樂與治為治,不以人之壞自成也,不以人之卑自高也,不以遭時自利也。 |
When it was his pleasure to use administrative measures, he did so; and a sterner rule when he thought that would be better. He did not by the ruin of others establish his own power; he did not exalt himself by bringing others low; he did not, when the time was opportune, seek his own profit. | |
《商君書·修權》: | 諺曰:「蠹眾而木折,隙大而牆壞。」 |
The saying runs: 'Many woodworms and the wood snaps, a large fissure and the wall collapses.' | |
《荀子·大略》: | 人有快則法度壞。 |
《說苑·指武》: | 左史倚相曰:「吳必夜至,甲列壘壞,彼必薄我,何不行列鼓出待之。」 |
《春秋繁露·奉本》: | 其基壞之所加,潤澤之所被,條條無疆,前是常數,十年鄰之,幽人近其墓而高明。 |
《韓詩外傳·卷一》: | 荊伐陳,陳西門壞,因其降民使脩之,孔子過而不式。 |
《大戴禮記》: | 從物而流,不知所歸,五鑿為政,心從而壞。 |
《白虎通德論·五經》: | 以為孔子居周之末世,王道陵遲,禮樂廢壞,強陵弱,眾暴寡,天子不敢誅,方伯不敢伐。 |
《新書·大政上》: | 國以民為興壞,君以民為彊弱,吏以民為能不能,此之謂民無不為功也。 |
《新序·善謀》: | 夫韓、魏父子兄弟,接踵而死於秦者,將十世矣,本國殘,社稷壞,宗廟隳,刳腹絕腸,折顙摺頸,身首分離,暴骨草澤,頭顱僵仆,相望于境,係臣束子為群虜者,相及於路,鬼神潢洋無所食,民不聊生,族類離散,流亡為僕妾者,盈海內矣,故韓、魏之不亡,秦社稷之憂也。 |
《孔子家語·好生》: | 夜,暴風雨至,釐婦室壞,趨而託焉,魯人閉戶而不納。 |
《潛夫論·救邊》: | 誠宜因此遣大將誅討,迫脅離逖破壞之。 |
《論衡·幸偶》: | 立巖墻之下,為壞所壓。 |
《風俗通義》: | 今王室大壞,九州幅裂,亂靡有定,生民無幾。 |
《孔叢子·廣言》: | 毁,壞也。 |
《申鑒·政體》: | 偽亂俗,私壞法,放越軌,奢敗制,四者不除,則政末由行矣。 |
《忠經·廣為章》: | 政刑、禮之要,不可破壞。 |
《素書·安禮章》: | 柱弱者屋壞,輔弱者國傾。 |
《蔡中郎集》: | 卒壞覆而不振,顧袌石其何補。 |
《列子·天瑞》: | 其人曰:「奈地壞何?」 |
《鶡冠子·道端》: | 此君臣之變,治亂之分,興壞之關梁,國家之閱也。 |
《文子·道原》: | 古民童蒙,不知東西,貌不離情,言不出行,行出無容,言而不文,其衣致,神德不全於身者,不知何遠之能壞,欲害之心忘乎中者,即飢虎可尾也,而況於人? |
《文始真經·一宇》: | 天下之物無不成之難而壞之易也。 |
《列仙傳·瑕丘仲》: | 地動舍壞,仲及里中數十家屋臨水,皆敗。 |
《老子河上公章句》: | 器中有物,室中有人,恐其屋破壞,腹中有神,畏其形亡也。 |
《韓非子·初見秦》: | 然則是趙舉,趙舉則韓亡,韓亡則荊、魏不能獨立,荊、魏不能獨立則是一舉而壞韓、蠹魏、拔荊,東以弱齊、燕,決白馬之口以沃魏氏,是一舉而三晉亡,從者敗也。 |
《管子·輕重戊》: | 桓公問管子曰:「民飢而無食,寒而無衣,應聲之正,無以給上,室屋漏而不居,牆垣壞而不築,為之奈何?」 |
《吳子·料敵》: | 擊此之道,必三分之,獵其左右,脅而從之,其陳可壞。 |
《六韜·金鼓》: | 溝壘悉壞,隘塞不守,斥候懈怠,士卒不戒。 |
《淮南子·繆稱訓》: | 故上世體道而不德,中世守德而弗壞也,末世繩繩乎唯恐失仁義。 |
《呂氏春秋·求人》: | 賢者所聚,天地不壞,鬼神不害,人事不謀,此五常之本事也。 |
《鬼谷子·謀篇》: | 故墻壞於其隙,本毀於其節,斯蓋其分也。 |
《史記·周本紀》: | 武王乃作太誓,告于眾庶:「今殷王紂乃用其婦人之言,自絕于天,毀壞其三正,離逖其王父母弟,乃斷棄其先祖之樂,乃為淫聲,用變亂正聲,怡說婦人。」 |
《春秋左傳》: | 逆婦姜于齊,卿不行,非禮也,君子是以知出姜之不允於魯也,曰,貴聘而賤逆之,君而卑之,立而廢之,棄信而壞其主,在國必亂,在家必亡,不允宜哉,詩曰,畏天之威,于時保之,敬主之謂也。 |
《國語·晉語六》: | 夫德,福之基也,無德而福隆,猶無基而厚墉也,其壞也無日矣。 |
《晏子春秋》: | 于是令勿委壞,餘財勿收,斬板而去之 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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