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《卷六》
42  | 南征北伐二詩皆班師時作嚴華谷曰六月之辭迫采薇之辭緩六月似討而定采芑似威而服王半山曰前三章詳序其治兵末章美其成功出戰之事畧而不言蓋以宿將董大衆荊人自服也蘇氏同一章言采芑必於耕治之田興選兵必於練習之衆故六軍並陳凡出車一乘當有兩車輕車七十五人重車二十五人輕車一千五百乘計十一萬二千五百人重車一千五百乘計三萬七千五百人合之為十五萬人此六鄉六遂之衆也詩合重車言之未必盡起倅卒方叔涖而試之以捍禦卻敵之法因統領其衆為之將焉方叔所乘者四騏之馬翼翼而壯所駕者金路之車奭然而赤孔疏巾車五路惟金路有鈎下云鈎膺故知為金路所以飾車者有方文之竹簟魚獸皮之矢服焉所以飾馬者則在頷有金飾之鈎在膺有樊有纓而下垂者有鞗革焉周禮巾車金路鈎樊纓注云鈎婁頷之飾樊大帶纓馬鞅在膺之飾此言其簡閲師徒而車馬美盛也二章承上采芑而以中鄉為言者民居在焉其田尤治蘇氏興士卒之練而益精也上章既閲其師徒此章遂辨其旗物而又皮束其轂金錯其衡八鸞和鳴命服尊顯黃朱之芾蒼玉之佩以為章美此言其顔行備飾而好整以暇也諸葛亮不親戎服羊叔子輕裘緩帶此其類歟曹氏三章乃言治兵之事故以隼之疾飛戾天興士卒之猛疾奮厲以隼之亦集爰止興士卒之服聽號令也李解再言師干之試前方叔以簡閲來涖此則大陳師旅以練習其事也於是擊鉦鼓以為之節鉦人伐鼓互言之陳師旅而誓告之布號令示賞罰也此明號令信賞罰之方叔則親自伐鼓以作士氣焉練習既畢整衆而退則又伐鼓闐闐然整而不亂也我軍之衆且練如此足以制敵有餘矣而無知之蠻荊乃乘國家之釁敢與大邦為讐猶言玁狁匪茹也方叔以大老受命貴謀賤戰非少年輕鋭以勇力爭勝者率兵往征無亡矢遺鏃之費而當訊者已執有罪者已獲遂奏㨗獻囚而歸戎車以下則旋車之聲也所以克敵如此之易者由此明信之方叔向同吉甫立功於北伐威名素著故蠻荊望風畏服如郭子儀之於回鶻薛仁貴之於突厥聞名先已膽破矣李解按詩無舉征伐事而言試者此詩前三章兩言師干之試明是先期練治以習號令信賞罰故三章以後遂以明信稱方叔也左傳楚子將圍宋使子文治兵於聧子玉治兵於蒍蓋古人用兵原有此法而箋釋第三章以將戰罷戰言之則舛矣末章方言威蠻荊事豈有未至其地而先戰者乎又豈有已經罷戰而反言方叔率止執訊獲醜者乎蓋以宿望之將率練治之兵往而擒治其黨耳未嘗戰也若何黃如謂宣王命方叔行三年大閲之禮事畢而忽有蠻荊蠢動即命征之此殊不然詩意是因南征而治兵非因治兵而南征也治兵亦不必言大閲大閲是特行典禮無容牽混詩從集傳為興○詩言芑者三毛以豐水有芑為草維糜維芑為榖此詩采芑為菜補傳詩緝並以新田菑畝中鄉不應指菜其說然也李迂仲疑榖不宜謂之采何𤣥子曰桑中采麥亦榖也何言芑不可采乎戴東源車說云軧即考工記幬革朱其革以幬於幹也惟長轂盡飾大車短轂則無飾故毛曰長轂之軧朱而約之疏以軧為長轂名非也按考工注幬負幹者蓋取革轂相應故說文軧或作䩚餘俱見前 |
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