| Chinese Text Project |
| 怠 U+6020 |  Seal script |
| Radical: | 心+ 5 strokes = 9 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.274#8 Kangxi: p.381#15 Cihai: p.526r5c01 GSR: 976.k' Hanyu: v4,p2283#01 |
| Composition: | Top: 台, bottom: 心. Compositionally related: 怡 . Component of: 𠕡 𫺭 𠷂 𢰾 𪶩 𭵟 𤸊 𬓐 緿 䈚 𮧢 𫛋 |
| Mandarin: | dài ㄉㄞˋ |
| Cantonese: | doi6 toi5 |
| Shuowen: | 《心部》怠：慢也。从心台聲。 |
| Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上聲·海·駘》怠：懈怠。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·心部·五》怠：《唐韻》徒亥切《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》蕩亥切，𠀤音待。《說文》慢也。《玉篇》懈也。《書·大禹謨》汝惟不怠。又通作殆。《左傳·昭五年》滋敝邑休殆。又《韻會》他代切，音貸。義同。◎按玉篇，廣韻，集韻皆無去聲。韻會从毛氏增。又《集韻》《類篇》《韻會》𠀤盈之切，音怡。義同。《易·雜卦傳》謙輕而豫怠也，虞氏作怡。《史記·始皇紀》視聽不怠。《劉歆·烈女贊》言行不怠。《註》𠀤音怡。又鳥名。《莊子·山木篇》東海有鳥焉，名曰意怠。又《集韻》湯來切，音胎。義同。又叶堂來切，音臺。《荀子·堯問篇》執一無失，行微無怠，忠信無倦，而天下自來。《越語》范蠡曰：得時無怠，時不再來。俱叶灰韻。又叶養里切，音以。《詩·小雅》無俾大怠。叶上恥字。又叶徒替切，音第。《歐陽修·范仲淹墓銘》藏其子孫，寵及後世。惟百有位，可勸無怠。 考證：〔又通作殆。《左傳·昭五年》滋敝邑休怠。〕謹照韻會所引，左傳怠改殆。〔《莊子·山木篇》東海有鳥焉，其名曰意怠。〕謹照原文省其字。〔《荀子·堯問篇》熱無失，行微無怠，忠信無倦，而天下自來。〕謹按熱乃執一二字之譌，謹照原文熱無失改爲執一無失。 |
| Fanqie: | 徒亥 (《廣韻·上聲·海·駘》) |
| Unihan definition: | idle, remiss, negligent; neglect |
Example usage
| 《孟子·公孫丑上》: | 今國家閒暇，及是時般樂怠敖，是自求禍也 |
| But now the princes take advantage of the time when throughout their kingdoms there is leisure and rest from external troubles, to abandon themselves to pleasure and indolent indifference - they in fact seek for calamities for themselves. | |
| 《禮記·曲禮上》: | 毋側聽，毋噭應，毋淫視，毋怠荒。 |
| Do not listen with the head inclined on one side, nor answer with a loud sharp voice, nor look with a dissolute leer, nor keep the body in a slouching position. | |
| 《論衡·道虛》: | 盧敖目仰而視之，不見，乃止喜，心不怠，悵若有喪，曰：「吾比夫子也，猶黃鵠之與壤蟲也，終日行，而不離咫尺，而自以為遠，豈不悲哉？」 |
| Lu Ao stared after him, until he became invisible. His heart was full of endless joy and at the same time he was grieved, as though he had lost somebody. "Compared with you, my master, said he, I am nothing more than an earth-worm is to a wild goose. Crawling the whole day, I do not advance more than some feet, but myself consider it far. It is pitiable indeed." | |
| 《墨子·尚同中》: | 其事鬼神也，酒醴粢盛不敢不蠲潔，犧牲不敢不腯肥，珪璧幣帛不敢不中度量，春秋祭祀不敢失時幾，聽獄不敢不中，分財不敢不均，居處不敢怠慢。 |
| With purification and baths and clean wine and cakes they led the people to make sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. In such services to the spirits they dared not use wine and cakes that were unclean, sacrificial animals that were not fat, or jade and silk that did not satisfy the standard requirements. The proper time for the spring and autumn sacrifices they dared not miss. Judging lawsuits, they dared not be unjust. Distributing properties, they dared not be unfair. Even when at leisure they dared not be disrespectful. | |
| 《莊子·天運》: | 北門成問於黃帝曰：帝張咸池之樂於洞庭之野，吾始聞之懼，復聞之怠，卒聞之而惑，蕩蕩默默，乃不自得。 |
| Bei-men Cheng asked Huang-Di, saying, 'You were celebrating, O Di, a performance of the music of the Xian-chi, in the open country near the Dong-ting lake. When I heard the first part of it, I was afraid; the next made me weary; and the last perplexed me. I became agitated and unable to speak, and lost my self-possession.' | |
| 《商君書·墾令》: | 重刑而連其罪，則褊急之民不鬥，很剛之民不訟，怠惰之民不游，費資之民不作，巧諛惡心之民無變也。 |
| If penalties are made heavy and relations are involved in the punishments, petty and irascible people will not quarrel, intractable and stubborn people will not litigate, slothful and lazy people will not idle, those who waste their substance will not thrive, and those of evil heart, given to flattery, will bring about no change. | |
| 《史記·夏本紀》: | 六事之人，予誓告女：有扈氏威侮五行，怠棄三正，天用勦絕其命。 |
| Ye who are engaged in my six armies, I have a solemn announcement to make to you. The chief of Hu violently sets at naught the five human relations, and idly casts aside the three obligations of duty. Heaven will on this account oppose him and cut off the span of his life. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 下卿進曰：「敬戒無怠，慶者在堂，弔者在閭。」 |
| 《說苑·脩文》: | 君子思禮以脩身，則怠惰慢易之節不至。 |
| 《春秋繁露》: | 專權擅政，薄國威德，反以怠惡，譖其賢臣，劫惑其君。 |
| 《韓詩外傳·卷二》: | 孟子曰：「有衛女之志則可，無衛女之志則怠。」 |
| 《大戴禮記》: | 孔子曰：「今之君子，好色無厭，淫德不倦，荒怠傲慢，固民是盡，忤其眾以伐有道，求得當欲，不以其所。」 |
| 《白虎通德論·壽命》: | 隨命者，隨行為命，若言怠棄三正，天用剿絕其命矣。 |
| 《新書·大政上》: | 故古之立刑也，以禁不肖，以起怠惰之民也。 |
| 《新序·雜事三》: | 仁人之兵不可詐也，彼可詐者，怠慢者也，落單者也。 |
| 《中論·法象》: | 唐堯之帝允恭克讓而光被四表，成湯不敢怠遑而奄有九域，文王祗畏而造彼區夏。 |
| 《孔子家語·問禮》: | 孔子對曰：「今之君子，好利無厭，淫行不倦，荒怠慢游，固民是盡，以遂其心，以怨其政，以忤其眾，以伐有道。」 |
| 《潛夫論·考績》: | 今群臣之不試也，其禍非直止於誣、闇、疑、惑而已，又必致於怠慢之節焉。 |
| 《太玄經·太玄文》: | 仰天而天不惓，俯地而地不怠，惓不天，怠不地，惓怠而能乎其事者，古今未諸。 |
| 《孔叢子·詰墨》: | 夫儒倨法而自順，立命而怠事，崇喪遂哀，盛用繁禮。 |
| 《申鑒·政體》: | 四患既蠲，五政既立，行之以誠，守之以固，簡而不怠，䟽而不失，無為為之，使自施之，無事事之，使自交之，不肅而治，垂拱揖遜而海內平矣，是謂為政之方也。 |
| 《新語·資質》: | 莫不知學問之有益于己，怠戲之無益於事也。 |
| 《獨斷·卷下》: | 帝謚：違拂不成曰隱，靖民則法曰黃，翼善傳聖曰堯，仁聖盛明曰舜，殘人多壘曰桀，殘義損善曰紂，慈惠愛親曰孝，愛民好與曰惠，聖善同文曰宣，聲聞宣遠曰昭，克定禍亂曰武，聰明睿智曰獻，溫柔聖善曰懿，布德執義曰穆，仁義說民曰元，安仁立政曰神，布綱治紀曰平，亂而不損曰靈，保民耆艾曰明，辟土有德曰襄，貞心大度曰匡，大慮慈民曰定，知過能改曰恭，不生其國曰聲，一德不懈曰簡，夙興夜寐曰敬，清白自守曰貞，柔德好眾曰靖，安樂治民曰康，小心畏忌曰僖，中身早折曰悼，慈仁和民曰順，好勇致力曰莊，恭人短折曰哀，在國逢難曰愍，名實過爽曰繆，壅遏不通曰幽，暴虐無親曰厲，致志大圖曰景，辟土兼國曰桓，經緯天地曰文，執義揚善曰懷，短折不成曰殤，去禮遠眾曰煬，怠政外交曰攜，治典不敷曰祈。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 帝謚：違拂不成曰隱，靖民則法曰黃，翼善傳聖曰堯，仁聖盛明曰舜，殘人多壘曰桀，殘義損善曰紂，慈惠愛親曰孝，愛民好與曰惠，聖善同文曰宣，聲聞宣遠曰昭，克定禍亂曰武，聰明睿智曰獻，溫柔聖善曰懿，布德執義曰穆，仁義說民曰元，安仁立政曰神，布綱治紀曰平，亂而不損曰靈，保民耆艾曰明，辟土有德曰襄，貞心大度曰匡，大慮慈民曰定，知過能改曰恭，不生其國曰聲，一德不懈曰簡，夙興夜寐曰敬，清白自守曰貞，柔德好眾曰靖，安樂治民曰康，小心畏忌曰僖，中身早折曰悼，慈仁和民曰順，好勇致力曰莊，恭人短折曰哀，在國逢難曰愍，名實過爽曰繆，壅遏不通曰幽，暴虐無親曰厲，致志大圖曰景，辟土兼國曰桓，經緯天地曰文，執義揚善曰懷，短折不成曰殤，去禮遠眾曰煬，怠政外交曰攜，治典不敷曰祈。 |
| 《鶡冠子·天則》: | 緩則怠，急則困，見閒則以奇相御，人之情也。 |
| 《文子·道原》: | 老子曰：大丈夫恬然無思，惔然無慮，以天為蓋，以地為車，以四時為馬，以陰陽為御，行乎無路，遊乎無怠，出乎無門。 |
| 《文始真經·一宇》: | 關尹子曰：「勿以聖人力行不怠，則曰道以勤成。」 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 周行而不殆，道通行天地，無所不入，在陽不焦，託蔭不腐，無不貫穿，而不危怠也。 |
| 《韓非子·主道》: | 近愛必誅，則疏賤者不怠，而近愛者不驕也。 |
| 《管子·山至數》: | 管子對曰：「請士之言非也，祿肥則士不死，幣輕則士簡賞，萬物輕則士偷幸，三怠在國，何數之有？」 |
| 《孫子兵法·用間》: | 孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家，相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。 |
| 《吳子·論將》: | 停久不移，將士懈怠，其軍不備，可潛而襲。 |
| 《六韜·明傳》: | 太公曰：「見善而怠，時至而疑，知非而處，此三者，道之所止也。」 |
| 《司馬法·定爵》: | 不服，不信，不和，怠，疑，厭，懾，枝柱，詘，煩，肆，崩，緩，是謂戰患。 |
| 《淮南子·主術訓》: | 德澤兼覆而不偏，群臣勸務而不怠，近者安其性，遠者懷其德。 |
| 《呂氏春秋·達鬱》: | 壯而怠則失時，老而解則無名。 |
| 《鄧析子·轉辭》: | 忠怠於宦成，病始於少瘳，禍生於懈慢，孝衰於妻子， 察1此四者，慎終如始也。 |
| 《春秋左傳》: | 隨少師有寵楚，鬥伯比曰，可矣，讎有釁，不可失也，夏，楚子合諸侯于沈鹿，黃隨不會，使薳章讓黃，楚子伐隨，軍於漢淮之間，季梁請下之，弗許而後戰，所以怒我而怠寇也，少師謂隨侯曰，必速戰，不然，將失楚師，隨侯禦之，望楚師，季梁曰，楚人上左，君必左，無與王遇，且攻其右，右無良焉，必敗，偏敗，眾乃攜矣，少師曰，不當王，非敵也，弗從，戰于速杞，隨師敗績，隨侯逸，鬥丹獲其戎車，與其戎右，少師，秋，隨及楚平，楚子將不許。 |
| 《逸周書·周祝解》: | 凡彼濟者必不怠，觀彼聖人必趣時，石有玉而傷其山，萬民之患故在言。 |
| 《國語·越語下》: | 臣聞之，得時無怠，時不再來，天予不取，反為之災。 |
| 《晏子春秋》: | 及其卒而衰，怠于德而并于樂，身溺于婦侍而謀因豎刁，是以民苦其政，而世非其行，故身死乎胡宮而不舉，蟲出而不收。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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